[59], US yearly deaths from all opioid drugs. [62], The examples and perspective in this article, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, US drug overdose death rates and totals over time, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, List of deaths from drug overdose and intoxication, "Management of opioid analgesic overdose", "Opioids and the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Controversies, Current Status, and Future Directions", "Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of opioid and psychostimulant drugs", "Opioids, cocaine, cannabis and illicit drugs", "Part 12: Pediatric Advanced Life Support: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care", "Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone in Out-of-Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review", "Opioid epidemic: 6 key steps that states should take now", "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015", "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013", "Historical Review: Opiate Addiction and Opioid Receptors", "Respiratory depression and brain hypoxia induced by opioid drugs: morphine, oxycodone, heroin, and fentanyl", "Progress in understanding mechanisms of opioid-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects and respiratory depression", "BestBets: Concomitant use of benzodiazepines in opiate overdose and the association with a poorer outcome", "BestBets: Concomitant use of alcohol in opiate overdose and the association with a poorer outcome", "Management of Opioid Analgesic Overdose", "Drug Metabolism - Clinical Pharmacology", "Polymorphic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes (CYPs) and Their Role in Personalized Therapy", "Depression and Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Chronic Opioid Therapy Recipients With No History of Substance Abuse", "Prescription Opioid Use among Adults with Mental Health Disorders in the United States", "Risk Factors for Opioid-Use Disorder and Overdose", "COVID-19: The Hidden Impact on Mental Health and Drug Addiction", "Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids in Pain", "Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Receptor-Dependent Signaling and Behavior", "Emergency Department and Urgent Care Clinicians Use Protocol To Reduce Opioid Prescriptions for Patients Suspected of Abusing Controlled Substances", "CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016", "Prescription opioid duration of action and the risk of unintentional overdose among patients receiving opioid therapy", "ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Use of Medications in the Treatment of Addiction Involving Opioid Use", "Current and Emerging Options to Combat the Opioid Epidemic", "Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence", "Benefits of peer support groups in the treatment of addiction", "A Review of Opioid Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Prescribing: Implications for Translating Community Programming Into Clinical Practice", "PDAPS - Naloxone Overdose Prevention Laws", "Is early discharge safe after naloxone reversal of presumed opioid overdose? Opioids are metabolized by phase 1 and/or phase 2 metabolism, which can lead to the activation or inhibition of these drugs. Every dollar contributes to another life saved, another chance at recovery, another family supported, and another opportunity to prevent a future dominated by addiction. [56], Of the 70,200 overdose deaths in the US in 2017, opioids were involved in 47,600. [11] Among those who refuse to go to hospital following reversal, the risks of a poor outcome in the short term appear to be low. Naloxone is effective at reversing the cause, rather than just the symptoms, of an opioid overdose. Recovery Month aims to raise awareness about mental and substance use disorders and to honor individuals who recover, promoting the positive message that prevention works and that treatment is effective. [11] Other efforts to prevent deaths from overdose include increasing access to naloxone and treatment for opioid dependence. The purpose of this program is to reduce the number of prescription drug/opioid overdose-related deaths and adverse events among individuals 18 years of age and older by training first responders and other key community sectors on the prevention of Opioid overdoses are often associated with benzodiazepines or alcohol use. July 26, 2020: A Day to Honor the 30th Anniversary of the Signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act, July 19 - 25, 2020: Pretrial, Probation, and Parole Supervision Week, July 2020: Minority Mental Health Awareness Month, June 30, 2020: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita Awareness Day, June 28 - July 4, 2020: Aquatic Invasive Species Awareness Week, June 25, 2020: Korean War Remembrance Day, June 25, 2020: Public Transit Bus Driver Day, June 19, 2020: Juneteenth Celebration Day, June 14 - 20, 2020:Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Awareness Week, June 12, 2020: Women Veterans Recognition Day, June 2020: Myasthenia Gravis Awareness Month, May 3 - 9, 2020: Correctional Officers Week, April 1, 2020: Take a Break and Be Counted Day, March 22 - 28, 2020: Severe Weather Awareness Week, March 22 - 28, 2020: Doula Appreciation Week, March 16 - 20, 2020: Environmental Health Week, March 15 - 21, 2020: Child and Adult Care Food Program Week, March 11, 2020: Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Day, March 2020: Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, March 2020: Multiple System Atrophy Awareness Month, March 2020: 18th Annual March for Meals Month, February 24 - 28, 2020: Public Schools Week, February 16, 2020: Lithuanian Independence Day, February 14, 2020: League of Women Voters Day, February 8 - 15, 2020: Court Reporting and Captioning Week, February 7 - 14, 2020: Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week, February 2 - 8, 2020: Chicano History Week, February 2020: Teen Dating Violence Awareness and Prevention Month, February 2020: School-Based Health Care Awareness Month, January 26 - February 1, 2020: Physician Anesthesiologists Week, January 25, 2020: Community Water Fluoridation 75th Anniversary Day, January 2020: School Board Recognition Month, January 2020: Birth Defects Prevention Awareness Month, January 2020: Human Trafficking Awareness Month, December 16 - 22, 2019: Lafora Body Disease Awareness Week, December 2 - 6, 2019: Older Driver Safety Awareness Week, December 2019: Impaired Driving Prevention Month, December 2019: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Awareness Month, December 2019: Career Exploration and Awareness Month, November 28, 2019: Albanian Independence Day, November 28, 2019: Family Health History Day, November 23 - December 1, 2019: Football Week, November 18 - 24, 2019: Antibiotic Awareness Week, November 11 - 17, 2019: Apprenticeship Week, November 10, 2019: NET Cancer Awareness Day, November 10 - 16, 2019: Nurse Practitioner Week, November 6, 2019: Senior Companion Volunteer Day, November 4 - 10, 2019: Carbon Monoxide Safety and Awareness Week, November 4 - 11, 2019: Amphibian Conservation Awareness Week, November 4, 2019: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Awareness Day, November 3 - November 9, 2019: Winter Hazards Awareness Week, November 2019: Pancreatic Awareness Month, November 2019: Long-Term Care Awareness Month, November 2019: Curing Stomach Cancer Month, November 2019: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Awareness Month, October 30, 2019: Hypophosphatasia Awareness Day, October 26, 2019: Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Professional Day, October 24, 2019: Lights on Afterschool Day, October 22, 2019: Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Awareness Day, October 15, 2019: MMAP Medicare Awareness Day, October 14-18, 2019: Careers in Energy Week, October 13 - 19, 2019: Health Care Safety and Security Week, October 13 - 19, 2019: Invisible Disabilities Week, October 10, 2019: Children's Environmental Health Day, October 9, 2019: PANDAS/PANS Awareness Day, October 7 - 11, 2019: Plasma Awareness Week, October 6 - 12, 2019: Latex Awareness Week, October 2019: Breast Cancer Awareness Month, October 2019: Neutropenia Awareness Month, October 2019: Rett Syndrome Awareness Month, October 2019: Liver Cancer Awareness Month, October 2019: Domestic Violence Awareness Month, October 2019: Youth Justice Awareness Month, October 2019: Investing in Abilities Month, October 2019: Michigan Cybersecurity Awareness Month, September 29 - October 5, 2019: Midwifery Week, September 29 - October 5, 2019: Michigan Manufacturing Week, September 27, 2019: Here's To The Farmer Day, September 23 - 27, 2019: Clean Energy Week, September 22 - 28, 2019: Nanny Appreciation Week, September 22 - 29, 2019: Michigan Trails Week, September 21 - 22, 2019: Wellness Weekend, September 20, 2019: POW/MIA Recognition Day, September 20, 2019: Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Awareness Day, September 18, 2019: Pitt Hopkins Syndrome Awareness Day, September 17 - 23, 2019: Constitution Week, September 16, 2019: Mexican Independence Day, September 16 - September 20, 2019: Septicsmart Week, September 16 - 22, 2019: Independent Colleges and Universities Week, September 15 - October 15, 2019: Hispanic Heritage Month, September 15, 2019: Hunting and Fishing Day, September 15 - September 22, 2019: Surgical Technologists Week, September 10, 2019: 70th Anniversary of Michigan's Hearing and Vision Screening Programs, September 9 - 13: Lifeline Awareness Week, September 9th: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Awareness Day, September 8 - 15, 2019: Direct Support Professionals Recognition Week, September 8 - 14, 2019: Suicide Prevention Week, September 2019: 60th Anniversary of Motown Records, September 2019: Chiari Malformation Awareness Month, September 2019: Newborn Screening Awareness Month, September 2019: Craniofacial Acceptance Month, September 2019: Drug-Free Pain Management Awareness Month, September 2019: Infant Safe Sleep Awareness, September 2019: Life Insurance Awareness Month, September 2019: Childhood Cancer Awareness Month, August 25 - August 30, 2019: Black Breastfeeding Week, August 11 - August 17, 2019: American Wind Week, August 9, 2020: Smokey Bear's 75th birthday, August 4 - August 10, 2019: Health Center Week, August 2019: Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders Awareness Month, August 2019: Community Health Worker Appreciation Month, August 2019: Spinal Muscular Atrophy Awareness Month, August 2019: Muscular Dystrophy Awareness Month, August 2019: Immunization Awareness Month, July 30, 2019: Gastroschisis Awareness Day, July 28 - August 4, 2019: Buy Michigan Week, July 26, 2019: A Day to Honor the Signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act, July 21, 2019: A Day to Honor the First Work Stoppage by Polish Craftsmen and Skilled Artisans, July 2019: Michigan Farmworker Appreciation Month, July 2019: Michigan Shakespeare Festival Anniversary Month, June 19, 2019: Juneteenth Celebration Day, June 18 - June 24, 2019: Amateur Radio Week, June 17 - 23, 2019: Michigan Pollinator Week, June 16 - June 22, 2019: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) Week, June 15, 2019: Tee It Up For The Troops Day, June 10, 2019 - August 26, 2020: Year of the Women's Suffrage Centennial, June 6, 2019: Transverse Myelitis Awareness Day, June 3 - 7, 2019: Wound Care Awareness Month, June 2, 2019: A Day To Honor Congregation Ahavas Israel, June 1 - June 9, 2019: Great Lakes and Fresh Water Week, June 2019: Alzheimer's and Brain Awareness Month, June 2019: Myasthenia Gravis Awareness Month, June 2019: Elder and Vulnerable Adult Abuse Awareness Month, May 20 - June 5, 2019: Housing Week of Action, May 17, 2019: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) Awareness Day, May 16, 2019: Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) Awareness Day, May 14, 2019: Childhood Apraxia of Speech Awareness Day, May 13, 2019: Children of Fallen Patriots Day, May 12 - May 18, 2019: Skilled Nursing Care Week, May 12 - 18, 2019: Food Allergy Awareness Week, May 9, 2019: RED (Renew, Energize, Donate) Day, May 6 - May 12, 2019: National Nurses Week, May 6 - 10, 2019: Going Pro in Michigan Signing Week, May 5 - May 11, 2019: Correctional Officers Week, May 5 - 11, 2019: Public Service Recognition Week, May 4, 2019: Michigan Social Studies Olympiad Day, May 4, 2019: Heterotaxy Syndrome Awareness Day, May 4, 2019: Wildfire Community Preparedness Day in Michigan, May 4 - 11, 2019: Tardive Dyskinesia Awareness Week, May 2019: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Awareness Month, May 2019: Better Hearing and Speech Month, May 2019: Missing Persons Awareness Month, May 2019: Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Awareness Month, May 2019: Motorcycle Safety Awareness Month, April 27 - May 4, 2019: Infant Immunization Week, April 22, 2019: Heat Stroke Prevention Awareness Day, April 21 - April 27, 2019: Medical Laboratory Professionals Week, April 18 - 24, 2019: Cleaning for a Reason Week, April 16, 2019: 4P/Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Awareness Day, April 12 - 14, 2019: Global Youth Service Days, April 8 - 12, 2019: Week of the Young Child, April 2019: Fabry Disease Awareness Month, April 2019: Sarcoidosis Awareness Month in Michigan, April 2019: Sexual Assault Awareness Month, April 2019: Parkinson's Disease Awareness Month in Michigan, April 2019: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Awareness Month, April 2019: Distracted Driver Awareness Month, March 28, 2019: Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Day, March 24 - 30, 2019: Severe Weather Awareness Week, March 22, 2019: Lynch Syndrome Hereditary Cancer Awareness Day, March 18 - 22, 2019: Environmental Health Week, March 17 - March 23, 2019: Michigan Surveyors Week, March 17 - 23, 2019: Child and Adult Care Food Program Week, March 4 - 8, 2019: National School Breakfast Week in Michigan, March 2019: Certified Government Financial Manager Month, March 2019: Michigan Food and Agriculture Month, March 2019: Multiple System Atrophy Awareness Month, March 2019: Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood Awareness, March 2019: Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, March 2019: Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month, February 28, 2019: Chirped Pulse Amplification Day, February 28, 2019: The National Liberty Memorial Day, February 25, 2019: Michigan Is A Welcoming State, February 24 - March 2, 2019: Family Medicine Week, February 20, 2019: Independent Insurance Agents Day, February 17 - 23, 2019: Enrolled Agent Week, February 17 - 23, 2019: Entrepreneurship Week, February 16, 2019: Lithuanian Independence Day, February 10 - 16, 2019: Cardiac Rehabilitation Week, February 9 - 16, 2019: Court Reporting and Captioning Week. [51] In the United States, as of 2014, more than 25,000 overdoses have been reversed. [6] Although there were over 110,000 deaths in 2017 due to opioids, individuals who survived also faced adverse complications, including permanent brain damage. September 9, 2020: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Awareness Day in Michigan. [23][24] Other CNS depressants, muscle relaxers, pain relievers, anti-convulsants, anxiolytics, treatment drugs of a psychoactive or epileptic variety or any other such drug with its active function meant to calm or mitigate neuronal signaling (barbiturates, etc.) [31] Furthermore, mental health challenges associated with cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, and HIV can cause opioid dependence and subsequent overdose. [1], Initial treatment of an overdose involves supporting the person's breathing and providing oxygen to reduce the risk of hypoxia. Opioids are primarily metabolized in the liver, before being excreted through urine. Check out the list of awareness dates and holidays to make sure you don't miss any fundraising opportunities! [10][3] Giving naloxone via nasal administration or as an injection into a muscle has shown to be equally effective. [30] As such, affected individuals have almost double the risk of using opioids for pain relief in the long-term. [13] It is believed that the opioid epidemic has partly been caused due to assurances that prescription opioids were safe, by the pharmaceutical industry in the 1990s. Today, on International Overdose Awareness Day I am sending a tribute out for my Brother, Greg Zelmer. [36][48] Despite these opportunities, the dissemination of prevention interventions in the US has been hampered by the lack of coordination and sluggish federal government response. [21] In mothers who take codeine during breastfeeding, opioid overdoses have occurred in their baby. We offer professional drug treatment programs & mental health services. We found a few new ones to add to the list though! To submit a proclamation or program book welcome letter request, please send a detailed e-mail to tributes@michigan.gov at least four weeks in advance of when the recognition is needed. [32] Notably, cyclic behaviours can be observed between mental illness and opioid abuse where individuals with mental health diagnoses engage in opioid use which further perpetuates mental health challenges and increased drug usage. Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 1 in every 4 deaths. [28] Therefore these polymorphisms control opioid tolerance and facilitate overdose. [3] Other symptoms include insufficient breathing, small pupils, and unconsciousness, however its onset can depend on the method of ingestion, the dosage and individual risk factors. Recovery Month aims to raise awareness about mental and substance use disorders and to honor individuals who recover, promoting the positive message that prevention works and that treatment is effective. [13] This is up from 18,000 deaths in 1990. Individuals diagnosed with opioid dependence should be prescribed naloxone to prevent overdose and should be directed to one of treatment options available, such as needle exchange programs and treatment centers. [18], Opioid overdoses can often be prevented. [22] Codeine is therefore not recommended in those who are breastfeeding.[22]. While mu receptors are the source of addiction, kappa receptors contribute to continued abuse. [10] Naloxone is then recommended to those who cannot reverse the opioid's effects through breathing. Greg died of a heroin overdose and substance use addiction on June 9, 2015; he was 25 years old. [25][26] Phase 1 metabolism is the CYP pathway which consists of different cytochrome P450s – a set of enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation reactions – to create an active metabolite. [29] Given that opioids are prescribed for pain management, mental health disorders, such as depression, have been shown to increase use of opioids when treating conditions associated with chronic pain. This includes drugs less immediately classed to a slowing of the metabolism such as with GABAergic like GHB or glutamatergic antagonists like PCP or ketamine. [36] Other “drug seeking” behaviors and physical indications of drug use should be used as clues to perform formal screenings.[36]. In phase 1 metabolism, the CYP family has several polymorphisms, which can account for the difference in therapeutic responses within each individual. Although they have been determined to be receptors to certain ligands from opioids, their role has not yet fully understood. [27] In contrast, Phase 2 metabolism causes the opioids to undergo conjugation, with little to no interaction with the CYP pathway. They bind with dynorphins to stimulate anti-reward effects —dysphoria— and other negative effects of withdrawal. Ridgeview Institute Smyrna & Monroe are two mental health facilities offering high-quality mental health care to the Atlanta, GA community. Because of their effect on the part of the brain that regulates breathing, opioids can cause very slow or stopped breathing, during overdoses, leading to hypoxia[17] or death if left untreated. Such deaths increased more than 38% from the 12-month period ending in June 2019 to the 12-month period ending in May 2020. [14][15] In 2018, approximately 269 million people had engaged in drug usage at least once, 58 million of which used opioids. July 26, 2020: Postal Heritage Day in Michigan. [43] Examples of medication-assisted treatments are buprenorphine (with or without naloxone), naltrexone, and methadone. [33] An opioid overdose results from over-activation of these receptors, which can cause permanent brain damage from cerebral hypoxia or neurotoxicity. [1] Hypoxia is typically caused by respiratory depression. There are various factors that play a role in how an  opioid is metabolized. [57] In 2017, the five states with the highest rates of death due to drug overdose were West Virginia (57.8 per 100,000), Ohio (46.3 per 100,000), Pennsylvania (44.3 per 100,000), Kentucky (37.2 per 100,000), and New Hampshire (37.0 per 100,000).